Shoveler

Scientific Name: 
Anas clypeata

A common dabbling duck, particularly during the winter, Shovelers feed by sweeping their bills back and forth through the water, filtering out small invertebrates, plant seeds and other plant matter.

How to identify: 
The Shoveler lives up to its name and can be distinguished by its long, broad 'shovel' of a bill. The male has a dark green head, white breast and orangey-brown sides during the breeding season. Females are mottled brown but have a pale blue forewing.
Where to find it: 
Nests in southern and eastern England and in Scotland. More common in the winter, when it is quite widespread throughout the country.
How people can help: 

The UK is home to 20% of the north-west European population of Shovelers, making it an important refuge. The Ouse Washes are particularly important for this species, supporting more than 150 pairs which is 2% of the international population. But our wetlands areas are threatened by development, drainage and climate change. Local Wildlife Trusts work hard to protect and manage the wetland habitats that our waterbirds need to survive; by volunteering you can help too, and you'll make new friends and learn new skills along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 47-53cm Wingspan: 77cm Weight: 630g Average Lifespan: 3 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
There are three other species of Shoveler around the world, found in Australia, Africa and South America.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
A male shoveler - Amy Lewis

Pintail

Scientific Name: 
Anas acuta

The pintail is an uncommon dabbling duck, which rarely breeds in Britain and is only likely to be seen during the winter when small numbers may be found wherever other ducks are common. Larger numbers gather on selected sheltered estuaries, such as the Wash and the Dee Estuary. It is also found across North America. Like all dabbling ducks, Pintails feed at the surface rather than diving for their food. Pintails eat plant food when dabbling, but will supplement their diet with insects and molluscs in the breeding season.

How to identify: 
The Pintail is easily distinguished by its long, pointed tail feathers. Males have a chestnut-coloured head, white neck and grey body, while females are mottled brown with a smaller, pointed tail. Pintails also have a long, graceful neck.
Where to find it: 
Mainly a winter visitor to coasts and estuaries. Small numbers nest, particularly in northern Scotland.
How people can help: 

Pintails were once a very common duck across the globe, but it is declining due to hunting and human activity, and is now a rare breeder in Britain due to its specific habitat requirements - shallow pools in open, grassland areas. These wetlands are threatened by development, drainage and climate change. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 55-65cm Wingspan: 88cm Weight: 700-900g Average Lifespan: 3 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
The oldest Pintail was recorded as living to 27 years of age! Normally, these ducks live for an average of about three years, breeding after a year. Pintails will lay up to nine eggs in a concealed nest on the ground, some distance from the water. At best, only a third of their clutch will live long enough to breed themselves, however; the chicks are vulnerable to predators such as Foxes, Crows, Magpies and birds of prey.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Pintail - Steve Ashton

Gadwall

Scientific Name: 
Anas strepera
How to identify: 
Male Gadwalls are a grey brown colour with a black rear end. Both males and females can be distinguished by the white patches on their wings.
Where to find it: 
Mainly found in south and eastern England, but can be seen anywhere.
How people can help: 

The survival of our waterbirds is threatened by the loss and degradation of many of our wetland habitats. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 48-54cm Wingspan: 90cm Weight: 700-830g
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
Gadwall can sometimes be seen following Coot around. After the Coots have dived down to pick waterweed, the Gadwall will grab some for themselves!
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Male gadwall have dark bills compared to the yellow-coloured bills of females - Rich Andrews

Mallard

Scientific Name: 
Anas platyrhynchos

The mallard is the most familiar of all the dabbling ducks, found right across Europe, Asia and North America. They have also been introduced to South Africa and Australia. Mallards are a common sight at your local park or pond and are often very tame, being fed by the public regularly.

How to identify: 
The breeding plumage of the male mallard includes a shiny green head, maroon-brown chest, yellow bill and curly black feathers just above the tail. Female mallards are brown and mottled in comparison.
Where to find it: 
Our commonest duck, found throughout the country.
How people can help: 

The mallard is a common duck but has recently been added to the Amber List of Birds of Conservation Concern because non-breeding populations are declining. This demonstrates that the survival of some of our most common waterbirds is under threat due to the loss and degradation of our wetland habitats. Local Wildlife Trusts work hard to protect and manage the wetland habitats that our waterbirds need to survive; by volunteering you can help too and you'll make new friends and learn new skills along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 55-62cm Wingspan: 90cm Weight: 970-1200g Average Lifespan: 3 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
The mallard is the ancestor of the domesticated, farmyard duck.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Male mallard - Steve Waterhouse

Mandarin Duck

Scientific Name: 
Aix galericulata

The beautiful Mandarin Duck was introduced from the Far East, where it can still be found in China, Japan, Korea and parts of Russia. It escaped, or was deliberately released, from captivity. Mandarin Ducks are actually quite shy birds, often hiding beneath overhanging willows and usually only forming small flocks.

How to identify: 
A beautiful, unmistakable duck, male Mandarins have elaborate plumage with orange plumes on their cheeks, orange 'sails' on their back and pale orange sides. The female of this little duck is dull in comparison, with a grey head, brown back and white eye-stripe.
Where to find it: 
Introduced from China and now found on park lakes and other wetlands with overhanging trees, mainly in South East England but also in the rest of England, Wales and Scotland.
How people can help: 

Although the UK population of the mandarin duck is introduced, this could act as a valuable 'reservoir' in the future. Local Wildlife Trusts work hard to protect and manage the wetland habitats that our waterbirds need to survive; by volunteering you can help too, and you'll make new friends and learn new skills along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 45cm Wingspan: 71cm Weight: 520-630g
Conservation status: 
Introduced species.
Did you know?: 
The Mandarin Duck nests in holes in trees, sometimes high up and a long way from the water. Shortly after the ducklings hatch, the female flies down and tries to coax the young to jump from the nest. Once they have left the tree and made their way back to water, the father will return to the family and help to protect the ducklings.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
The brightly coloured male mandarin duck - Amy Lewis

Shelduck

Scientific Name: 
Tadorna tadorna

The Shelduck is one of our largest ducks, growing as big as some geese. It is mainly coastal, feeding on small invertebrates in the mud on estuaries and sandy beaches, but they have spread inland as gravel pits have been dug and flooded, their sandy shores and gravel banks providing a perfect feeding ground.

How to identify: 
A big white duck with a dark green head, bright red bill, orangey-brown band around the breast and black patches on the back and wings.
Where to find it: 
Common around the coasts and small numbers also nest inland on gravel pits.
How people can help: 

The survival of our waterbirds is threatened by the loss and degradation of many of our wetland habitats. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 58-64cm Wingspan: 1.1m Weight: 1-1.2kg Average Lifespan: 10 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
The Shelduck nests underground in old Rabbit burrows, in tree holes or in haystacks. During the 19th century, they were persecuted for this habit in certain areas as they competed with Rabbits - food for many people.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
The bright colours of the shelduck make it easy to identify - Zsuzsanna Bird

Brent Goose

Scientific Name: 
Branta bernicla

Another common wintering bird, and the smallest of our common geese, the Brent Goose is only just bigger than a Mallard. Brent Geese gather in large flocks of hundreds or more and, like other geese, fly in long V-shaped formations called 'skeins'.

How to identify: 
Our smallest goose, the Brent Goose has a grey-brown back, and black neck and head with just a small white patch on the neck.
Where to find it: 
Only found here in the winter. Birds that nest in northern Russia and Siberia are darker, and spend the winter around the coasts of East Anglia and southern England. Birds that nest in Svalbard and Greenland are paler and mostly spend the winter around the North East and Ireland.
How people can help: 

Britain is an important stopover for many wintering migrant species, so it is vital that we protect the places they rely on. But the survival of our waterbirds is threatened by the loss and degradation of many of our wetland habitats. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 55-60cm Wingspan: 1.5m Weight: 1.5kg Average Lifespan: 11 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
The Brent Goose is the most coastal of our geese, feeding mainly on Eel-grass and seaweed on sandy estuaries.
Seasons: 
Spring
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
October
End date: 
March
Image: 
Brent geese in flight - Steve Ashton

Barnacle Goose

Scientific Name: 
Branta leucopsis

The Barnacle Goose is one of our smaller geese, with a relatively small, rounded head and a very short bill. A common winter visitor to the north-west of Britain in particular. Like all geese, they will graze on vegetation such as roots, stems, leaves and seeds.

How to identify: 
A small, black and white goose, with more white on its face than the Canada Goose. Barnacle Geese have no brown on them at all.
Where to find it: 
Wild birds only found here in the winter. Nests in Greenland and Svalbard and spends the winter in Scotland and Ireland. Small numbers of feral birds nest on gravel pits and park lakes.
How people can help: 

Britain is an important stopover for many wintering migrant species, so it is vital that we protect the places they rely on. But the survival of our waterbirds is threatened by the loss and degradation of many of our wetland habitats. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 58-68cm Wingspan: 1.3m Weight: 1.7kg Average Lifespan: 14 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
It was once thought that Barnacle Geese hatched out of Goose Barnacles attached to ships at sea - their shells washing up on the west coast of Scotland in the autumn. This belief grew up because Goose Barnacles have black and white stripes and Barnacle Geese eggs and nests were never seen. It even meant that people considered the Barnacle Goose acceptable to eat on Fridays and during Lent, despite the Church's ban on eating meat at these times, because the Barnacle Goose was not 'born of the flesh'.
Seasons: 
Spring
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
October
End date: 
March
Image: 
Barnacle Goose - Dave Appleton

Canada Goose

Scientific Name: 
Branta canadensis

The Canada Goose is our largest goose and maybe our most familiar. They are a common bird across most of the country, nesting on park lakes, flooded gravel pits and reservoirs. Canada Geese are not native to this country, having been introduced from North America about 300 years ago. After the Second World War, they spread across the UK, becoming pests in some areas as they congregate in large numbers and cause damage.

How to identify: 
The Canada Goose is a large goose, with a black neck and head and white cheek patches.
Where to find it: 
Found almost throughout the country, except the north of Scotland.
How people can help: 

Canada Geese can be a serious pest, nosily flocking at park lakes, decimating crops and leaving large quantities of excrement. But out on lakes and reservoirs, they can mostly live without cause for concern. The Wildlife Trusts work with pest controllers to find the most wildlife-friendly solutions to some of our everyday problems. You can help by avoiding feeding these birds at local parks and rivers.

Statistics: 
Length: 55-100cm Wingspan: 1.6m Weight: 4.6kg Average Lifespan: 6 years
Conservation status: 
Introduced species.
Did you know?: 
Canada Geese were first introduced to Britain in St. James's Park, London, in the 17th century. Today, the population numbers 82,000 individuals.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Canada geese are often seen together in large groups - Gillian Day

Pink-footed Goose

Scientific Name: 
Anser brachyrhynchus

The Pink-footed Goose is one of our smaller geese, with a relatively short neck, rounded head and short bill. A common winter visitor, numbers of Pink-footed Geese are at an all-time high thanks to conservation work both here and on their breeding grounds.

How to identify: 
A small, grey goose, with a short, pink bill and pink legs.
Where to find it: 
Only found here in the winter. Birds that nest in Greenland and Iceland spend the winter in Scotland, North West England and East Anglia.
How people can help: 

Britain is an important stopover for many wintering migrant species, so it is vital that we protect the places they rely on. But the survival of our waterbirds is threatened by the loss and degradation of many of our wetland habitats. The Wildlife Trusts manage many wetland nature reserves for the benefit of the wildlife they support. You can help by supporting your local Trust and becoming a member; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Length: 61-76cm Wingspan: 1.5m Weight: 2.5kg Average Lifespan: 8 years
Conservation status: 
Classified in the UK as an Amber List species under the Birds of Conservation Concern review.
Did you know?: 
In the UK, 241,000 individuals spend the winter on wetland and farmland habitats - that's 90% of the world's population!
Seasons: 
Spring
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
October
End date: 
March
Image: 
The pink-footed goose has a characteristically short bill - Jonathan Osborne