Dog Whelk

Scientific Name: 
Nucella lapillus

With a pointed snail-like shell, Dog Whelks live around the lower shore, wherever there are barnacles or mussels: its favourite food.

How to identify: 
Whelks are more pointed than periwinkles. The Dog Whelk is smaller than the Common Whelk, smoother than the Netted Whelk and more rounded than the Oyster Drill. Its shell colour is determined by what it eats; cream, grey and banded forms can be spotted.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

In the 1970s and 80s, Dog Whelk populations were seriously affected by the use of chemical anti-fouling paints on boat hulls containing tributyl-tin (TBTs). These paints caused female dog whelks to become male, leading to a decline in reproduction. The use of TBTs is now controlled, but chemical pollution can still be an issue for our marine animals, particularly as it builds up through the food chain. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 5cm Average Lifespan: 7 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Feeds on mussels and barnacles by boring through their shells with its sharp proboscis. It then injects enzymes to digest the prey within its shell, sucking the resulting 'liquid soup' out. It can take two days to eat its prey this way.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Dog whelk eating barnacles - Paul Naylor

Spotted Cowrie

Scientific Name: 
Trivia monacha

Also known as the 'Common Cowrie', the Spotted Cowrie has an unmistakeable egg-shaped shell with a narrow opening along the underside and r

How to identify: 
Normally pale creamy in colour with three darker patches on the back, and white, smooth ridges running across it. The head, tentacles, foot and body of this mollusc are brightly coloured; they may be red, yellow, green, brown or orange, but it is the shell you're likely to spot washed up on the beach. The Spotted Cowrie can be distinguished from the very similar Arctic Cowrie by the three dark spots on the back, which the Arctic Cowrie lacks.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts, although less common on eastern coasts.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 1cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Spotted Cowrie is often found associated with its prey: it feeds on sea squirts by biting lumps from them. Females even lay their eggs in the sea squirts by biting holes in the colonies and then laying their egg capsules (which contain around 800 eggs) into the hole. After a few weeks the larvae hatch.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Slipper Limpet

Scientific Name: 
Crepidula fornicata

The Slipper Limpet normally lives in stacks of individuals, with the largest at the bottom and increasingly smaller animals on each other's backs, out beyond the low tide mark. Accidentally introduced from North America, and now a serious pest of oyster and mussel beds.

How to identify: 
Unmistakeable, slipper-shaped, oval shell. Normally pale creamy in colour with blotches of orangey-red.
Where to find it: 
Found around the coasts of East Anglia, the south of England and South Wales.
How people can help: 

The human-induced invasion of non-native species on our shores can be detrimental for many of our native species as they compete for space, food and become prey. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 5cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
At the base of the pile they live in, the oldest Slipper Limpets tend to be females, with the younger males on top. If the females die, however, the males can turn into females.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Edible Periwinkle

Scientific Name: 
Littorina littorea

Found on rocks and amongst seaweeds around the middle to lower parts of the shore, the Edible Periwinkle feeds by grazing on algae and seaweed.

How to identify: 
The Edible Periwinkle has a rounded, whorled shell, usually greyish-brown in colour. It has concentric ridges, dark lines and a pointed apex. It is distinguished from similar, snail-like periwinkles and topshells by the slightly larger size, rounded shape and generally plainer colours.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 3cm Lifespan: 5 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Winkles are often boiled and sold as a snack at the seaside. Using a pin to pull them out of their shells, they are eaten with vinegar and white pepper.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Flat Periwinkle

Scientific Name: 
Littorina obtusata

Found amongst the seaweeds on which it feeds, the Flat Periwinkle inhabits the lower parts of the shore. It is most commonly associated with Egg Wrack and Bladder Wrack seaweeds, and is often mistaken for the air floats of these species.

How to identify: 
The Flat Periwinkle has a flattened whorled shell, which is variable in colour but often bright yellow, orange or green. It is distinguished from similar, snail-like periwinkles and topshells by the flattened shape and shiny, smooth shell.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores all around our coasts, but absent from most of Lincolnshire and East Anglia.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 1cm Lifespan: 3 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Periwinkles are able seal themselves into their shell by closing the 'door' - a round operculum. Flat Periwinkles can breed throughout the year and have both male and female forms. Eggs are internally fertilised and laid on seaweed in masses of up to 280 eggs.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Thick Topshell

Scientific Name: 
Osilinus lineatus

Lives around the low tide mark, grazing on algae and seaweeds on the rocks.

How to identify: 
A conical whorled shell, pale grey in colour with a maroon zig-zag pattern and mother of pearl around the mouth. Distinguished from similar, snail-like periwinkles and topshells by the 'tooth' just inside the mouth of the shell.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores around south west England and Wales.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 3cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The 'topshells' are so-called because the shell is shaped like an old-fashioned spinning top.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Limpet

Scientific Name: 
Patella vulgata

Like other limpets, the Common Limpet lives attached to stones or rocks around the lower and midshore. It feeds on algae and seaweed that grows on the rocks, using its rasping tongue to graze.

How to identify: 
There are three very similar species of limpet: the inside of the shell of Patella depressa has dark and pale radiating stripes and it is mainly found around the south of the country, while Patella ulssiponensis has an orange patch on the inside of its shell. Both these species are slightly smaller than Patella vulgaria. The Common Limpet has a greyish, conical shell.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Limpets and other molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 4cm Lifespan: 10-20 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Limpets move around over the rocks when the tide is in, but always return to their own favourite spot when the tide goes out, following the mucus trail that they have deposited. This spot becomes worn by the edges of the shell, and eventually an obvious 'scar' in the rock is created. This helps the limpet to attach even more tenaciously to the rock, protecting it from desiccation. Their feeding trails can sometimes be visible at low tide.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Limpet crawling - Paul Naylor

Keyhole Limpet

Scientific Name: 
Diodora graeca

Like other limpets, lives attached to stones or rocks around the lower and midshore.

How to identify: 
Similar to the Common Limpet, but more oval in shape and with a characteristic 'keyhole' shaped opening in the top of the greyish shell, through which it breathes when under water.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores around the south and west of the UK.
How people can help: 

Limpets and other molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 7cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Adults feed on sponges encrusted on the rocks.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Lugworm

Scientific Name: 
Arenicola marina

Lugworms live in burrows in the sand from the middle shore of the beach down to the sea. Their burrows are U-shaped and are formed by the Lugworm swallowing sand at the head end and defecating it at the tail end. They feed on plankton and detritus that is filtered through the water in the burrow. They are an important source of food for birds like curlew and godwit.

How to identify: 
When the tide goes out, coiled 'casts' can be found at the mouth of lugworm burrows. The worms themselves are variable in colour from black or brown to pink or green.
Where to find it: 
Found on sandy and muddy shores all round our coasts.
How people can help: 

Lugworms are common and provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 20cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Lugworms are dug up by anglers to be used as bait when fishing at sea.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Dahlia Anemone

Scientific Name: 
Urticina felina

Sea anemones live attached to the rocks, catching plankton and tiny animals from the water with their stinging tentacles. They can be found in rock pools around the low tide mark, sometimes in small groups. The Dahlia Anemone has a squat, jelly-like 'body' which is warty-looking and often covered with pieces of gravel and broken shell. It has fairly short, thick tentacles which are retracted when disturbed or when uncovered by the falling tide.

How to identify: 
Distinguished from other anemones by the banded tentacles and the warty, gravelly 'body'. Very variable in colour, 'body' often blue or green with blotches of brown or red. Tentacles paler, with bands of darker colour.
Where to find it: 
On rocky shores around all our coasts.
How people can help: 

Sea anemones may be a familiar sight when rock-pooling, but our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: up to 15cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
When the tentacles are retracted, the beautiful Dahlia Anemone is camouflaged by its warts and by pieces of sand and shell that are stuck to the 'body'. The Dahlia Anemone has up to 160 2cm-long stinging tentacles.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Dahlia anemone - Paul Naylor