Porcelain Crab

Scientific Name: 
Porcellana platycheles

A small crab, covered in hairs, with very broad front claws. The Porcelain Crab (also known as the 'Broad-clawed Porcelain Crab') lives under rocks, among mud and gravel, on the middle and lower shore. This crab filter feeds.

How to identify: 
A tiny, hairy crab with broad, flattened front claws. Greyish-green on the back and off-white underneath.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Crustaceans provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 15mm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Crabs will shed a leg if attacked, in the same way that a lizard sheds its tail. The legs grow back.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Spiny Lobster

Scientific Name: 
Palinurus elephas

A large crustacean, the Spiny Lobster is covered in jagged spines and lacks the large grabbing pincers of the Common Lobster. Spiny Lobsters live in crevices and caves amongst rocks from the low tide mark and deeper.

How to identify: 
A large lobster, without the big claws of the Common Lobster and covered in spines. Orangey brown in colour.
Where to find it: 
Found around coasts in the west of the UK.
How people can help: 

Numbers of Spiny Lobster have been depleted by overfishing, but research from the Mediterranean suggests that numbers recover well in protected areas. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising Marine Protected Areas in the UK. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 60cm
Conservation status: 
Classified as a Priority Species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan.
Did you know?: 
Also known as 'Crawfish', 'Crayfish' or 'Rock Lobster', Spiny Lobsters migrate to deeper water and back to coastal areas for reasons unknown, but perhaps associated with their breeding cycle.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Lobster

Scientific Name: 
Homarus gammarus

A large crustacean, Lobsters are very familiar animals with big front pincers and a long body. They live in crevices and caves amongst rocks from the low tide mark and deeper. Common Lobsters are scavengers and use their pincers to manipulate food - differing in size, one is used for crushing and the other for cutting.

How to identify: 
Unmistakeable: Common Lobsters are a deep purplish-blue colour, with red antennae. Other species of lobster are smaller and not the same colour.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Numbers of Common Lobster have been depleted by overfishing. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 1m, but usually about 50cm Average Lifespan: up to 15 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Lobsters are nocturnal, hiding during the day in their caves.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common lobster - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Sand-hopper

Scientific Name: 
Talitrus saltator

A marine crustacean, the Sand-hopper is a close relative of the freshwater shrimp that is often caught when pond-dipping. Sand-hoppers live under seaweed and rocks around the tide line, where they feed on rotting seaweed and animals. Adults spend the winter in a dormant state, buried in the sand at depths of up to 50 cm above the spring tide mark.

How to identify: 
If you turn over rocks or seaweed you will often see them jumping out of the way. Sand-hoppers are grey-green in colour with one antenna larger than the other.
Where to find it: 
Found on sandy beaches all around our shores.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 2cm Average Lifespan: 18 months
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Sand-hoppers are also known as 'Sand Fleas' because of their amazing jumping abilities.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Sea Slater

Scientific Name: 
Ligia oceanica

A marine crustacean, the Sea Slater is a close relative of the terrestrial woodlouse. It lives in crevices and under rocks, coming out at night to feed on anything it can find.

How to identify: 
Turn over rocks on the seashore and this is the woodlouse-like creature you may find. It has a grey, oval, segmented and flattened body, just like its relative.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 3cm Average Lifespan: 2.5 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Sea Slater's antennae are two thirds the length of its body.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 

Acorn Barnacle

Scientific Name: 
Semibalanus balanoides

The commonest barnacle found around our shores, the Acorn Barnacle lives attached to any hard substrate, including rocks, the legs of piers, old boats and even other animals. They are filter feeders, picking plankton and detritus out of the water. Found around the low tide mark.

How to identify: 
One of several very similar species of barnacle, which can be hard to tell apart. The Acorn Barnacle is generally grey-white in colour, with a diamond-shaped opening.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length of shell: 2cm Average lifespan: up to 18 months
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Although the Acorn Barnacle is a hermaphrodite and has both male and female reproductive organs, individuals function as either a male or a female. During the breeding season, males extend their notoriously long penises out of their shells and seek out a nearby female. After fertilisation, the larvae develop within the barnacle's body and are released into the water to feed on plankton and undergo moults until they are at the right stage to 'settle down'!
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Barnacles - Paul Naylor

Goose Barnacle

Scientific Name: 
Lepas anatifera

Goose Barnacles live attached to rocks, wooden ships or objects floating out at sea. They have a long, fleshy 'neck' with hard shells at the end protecting the main body of the animal. They filter feed on plankton and detritus.

How to identify: 
Unmistakeable. Bluish-white plates with black edges cover the animal. A similar species, Lepas fascicularis, floats attached to a spongy 'buoy' that it makes itself.
Where to find it: 
Often washed up in the western of the UK, especially after storms.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length of shell: 5cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
It was once thought that Barnacle Geese hatched from Goose Barnacles, because no one in Britain had seen Barnacle Geese nests and the two turned up on the west coast of Scotland at the same time of year.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Goose barnacles

Cuttlefish

Scientific Name: 
Sepia officinalis

Cuttlefish are relatives of squid and octopuses - a group of molluscs known as cephalopods. The Common Cuttlefish is a predator, feeding on molluscs, young fish and crabs. It lives in water up to 200 metres deep but comes into shallow water to breed. When cuttlefish die, the large, chalky internal shell, known as 'cuttlebones' often wash up on the beach.

How to identify: 
Cuttlebones are white, chalky and oval-shaped with thin harder 'wings' at one end. Cuttlefish are thick-set squid that have well-developed heads, large eyes and mouths with beak-like jaws. They have a fin that runs around their body, eight 'arms' with suckers plus two tentacles around the mouth. Cuttlefish are extremely variable in colour, but are usually blackish-brown, mottled or striped.
Where to find it: 
Found around the coasts of England and Wales.
How people can help: 

Cuttlefish provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 45cm Average Lifespan: less than 2 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Cuttlefish can quickly change colour to merge into their background, distract predators or attract mates. They can easily mimic textured, gravelly seabeds and bury themselves to further their camouflage. During spring and summer, males engage in spectacular displays to attract females, passing bands of colour rapidly along their bodies.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common cuttlefish - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Piddock

Scientific Name: 
Pholas dactylus

The piddocks are a strange group of clam-like shellfish that burrow into soft rocks and even wood. Their long, oval shells are rough, chalky white in colour and often quite brittle when washed up on the beach. They live their entire lives within their burrows.

How to identify: 
There are several very similar species of piddock, although as a group they are quite characteristic because of their rough, white shells that often don't fully close.
Where to find it: 
Found along the south coast of England, around Wales and at one or two places on the east coast of England as far north as Northumberland.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 15cm Average Lifespan: 8 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Common Piddock is known for its bioluminescence: in the dark, it glows blue-green around the edges. Amazingly, the protein that creates this glow has been extracted from Common Piddocks and used to help identify when people are getting ill - it gives off light when it encounters white blood cells producing bacteria-killing chemicals which protect the body from infection.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Razor Shell

Scientific Name: 
Ensis arcuatus

Razor Shells are very recognisable with their long, narrow, rectangular clam shells. They live buried upright in soft sand around the low tide mark and beyond, with their siphons just at the surface, filter feeding on plankton and detritus. After storms they are sometimes washed up in enormous 'wrecks'.

How to identify: 
There are several very similar species of Razor Shell, although as a group they are unmistakeable. They are brownish in colour, with pale worn patches near the hinge.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Molluscs provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: up to 20cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Razor Shells are so-named because they resemble the old-fashioned 'cut-throat' razors that barbers used to favour (some still do today).
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December