Edible Sea-urchin

Scientific Name: 
Echinus esculentus

Also known as the 'Common Sea-urchin', the Edible Sea-urchin is large and round with short, strong spines. It lives amongst seaweed and rocks, where it grazes on algae and small shellfish.

How to identify: 
The largest British sea-urchin. Usually brick-orange in colour, with white bumps which the orange spines are attached to.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocky shores, particularly around the north and west of the UK.
How people can help: 

Numbers of Common Sea-urchins have been depleted by overexploitation for commercial use. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 15cm Average Lifespan: 10 years
Conservation status: 
Classified as Lower Risk/Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Did you know?: 
The roe of this species is actually the bit which is edible and is particularly enjoyed in Spain and Portugal.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Sea urchin - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Green Sea-urchin

Scientific Name: 
Psammechinus miliaris

The Green Sea-urchin is a small, round sea-urchin with strong, short spines. Lives amongst seaweed and rocks, grazing on sponges, seaweed and other algae, and also eats young shellfish.

How to identify: 
There are several similar sized sea urchins found in British waters. The Green Sea-urchin is slightly flattened in shape and greenish in colour, with purple tips to the spines.
Where to find it: 
Found on rocks shores all round our coasts, much more common in the north of the UK.
How people can help: 

Sea-urchins and starfish provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 5cm Average Lifespan: 10 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Sea-urchins and starfish belong to the Echinoderm phylum. The name literally means 'spiny skin'.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Brittlestar

Scientific Name: 
Ophiothrix fraglis

Brittlestars have a rounded, disk-like body, with five very long, thin, spiny arms each up to 10cm long. They live on the seafloor, using their long legs to filter feed: they raise them up off the floor and catch plankton and detritus which are then fed back towards the mouth.

How to identify: 
There are several similar species of brittlestar found in British seas, which can be difficult to tell apart. The Common Brittlestar is usually purplish-brown with paler bands on the arms. As the name suggests, the arms are easily broken off.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust. You can also help by reporting your sightings to Devon Wildlife Trust or to the Devon Biodiversity Records Centre.

Statistics: 
Diameter: up to 2cm Average Lifespan: 10 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Brittlestars are often eaten by their larger relatives, the Common Starfish. They will move away from disturbances and hide in cracks and crevices to avoid being eaten. They are also well camouflaged.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common brittlestars - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Starfish

Scientific Name: 
Asterias rubens

A familiar seashore inhabitant, the Common Starfish lives up to its name. It is found from the lower shore and further out. It is a predator, feeding on shellfish including cockles, mussels and barnacles.

How to identify: 
The commonest starfish, often washed up in large numbers, or found around the low tide mark and in rockpools. It has five arms, is usually orange in colour, and has many small pale spines.
Where to find it: 
Found on all British and Irish coasts, particularly among beds of mussels and barnacles.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 10-30cm Average Lifespan: 5-10 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Starfish feed on shellfish by pulling the shells open with their arms, inserting their own stomach into the shell and dissolving their prey with their stomach acids. The Common Starfish has a good sense of smell which helps it to find its prey.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common starfish - Paul Naylor

Sun-star

Scientific Name: 
Crossaster papposus

A distinctive sun-like starfish, the Common Sun-star has about 10 to 12 relatively short 'arms'. A beautiful starfish, covered with small spines.

How to identify: 
The Common Sun-star is usually orangey in colour with bands of paler yellow and richer red on the arms. More sun-shaped, with more arms than other starfish.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Diameter: 35cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Common Sun-star is a predator, often hunting other starfish.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common sunstar - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Brown Shrimp

Scientific Name: 
Crangon crangon

The Brown Shrimp, also known as the 'Common Shrimp', lives in shallow, sheltered waters of muddy and sandy shores; it is especially common in estuaries such as the Wash. It lives almost buried in the sand, from where it ambushes its prey of worms, molluscs and other crustaceans.

How to identify: 
There are several, very similar species of shrimp around our coasts. This is the commonest, found in large numbers in estuaries. It is practically translucent with brown spots and antennae almost as long as its body.
Where to find it: 
Found in shallow seas all round our coasts.
How people can help: 

Crustaceans provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Length: 3-5cm Average Lifespan: 3 years
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Brown Shrimp fishery in The Wash is worth up to
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Brown shrimp - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus

Shore Crab

Scientific Name: 
Carcinus maenas

Probably the commonest crab in Britain, the Common Shore Crab is a medium-sized crab which lives amongst rocks and seaweed from mid shore down to beyond the low tide mark. It feeds on detritus and small animals. During the summer breeding season, a male will find a female and grab hold of her until she moults; at which point they are able to mate.

How to identify: 
The commonest crab on our beaches, with pointed spines around the front of the 'face'. Very variable in colour, often greenish, red or brown.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Crustaceans provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Width of body: 9cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Common Shore Crab has been introduced to many other parts of the world, including Australia, South Africa and California, where it has become an invasive pest.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Common shore crab eating a clam - Paul Naylor

Edible Crab

Scientific Name: 
Cancer pagurus

The Edible Crab is a typical-looking crab, with a broad, orange body. It lives amongst seaweed and rocks, up to depths of 100 metres, and feeds on smaller animals and detritus. During the winter breeding season, a male will find a female and grab hold of her until she moults; at which point they are able to mate.

How to identify: 
An orangey-brown on top, paler underneath, with black tips to the front pair of pincers. Easily recognised by the combination of its large size and colour.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Width of body: 20cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Edible Crab is the most commercially important species of crab in Europe: 10,000 tonnes of Edible Crab are harvested from the English Channel every year. That's a lot of crab sandwiches!
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Edible crab - Paul Naylor

Great Spider Crab

Scientific Name: 
Hyas araneus

A pear-shaped crab, with a pointed 'face', the Great Spider Crab has long, spindly legs similar to a spider. It lives amongst rocks and seaweed from the low tide mark out to sea, but is often washed up on the beach.

How to identify: 
Spider crabs are very different to 'typical' crabs. Orangey brown in colour, the Great Spider Crab is covered in jagged spines.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Crustaceans provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Width of body: up to 10cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Seaweed, barnacles and other creatures often grow on the spiny back of the Great Spider Crab, providing it with excellent camouflage.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December

Hermit Crab

Scientific Name: 
Pagurus bernhardus

Hermit crabs live inside the empty shells of snail-like animals, particularly whelks and periwinkles. They live on sandy and rocky shores, where they scavenge on plant and animal remains. They have hard pincers, but a soft body which is hidden inside the shell.

How to identify: 
The Common Hermit Crab is the largest of several species of very similar hermit crabs and is often found in rockpools. Body is reddish brown and right hand pincer is larger than left.
Where to find it: 
Found all around our coasts.
How people can help: 

Crustaceans provide a vital link in the food chain for many of our rarer species. Our seas and coastline are in need of protection if we are to keep our marine wildlife healthy. The Wildlife Trusts are working with fishermen, researchers, politicians and local people towards a vision of 'Living Seas', where marine wildlife thrives. This work has recently had a massive boost with the passing of the Marine Bill, promising sustainable development of the UK's marine environment. Do your bit for our Living Seas by supporting your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Width of body: 3.5cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The main body of a hermit crab is soft and twisted, allowing them to fit into coiled shells; their tail is hooked which helps them to grip on once inside. As they grow, hermit crabs move into ever larger shells. If two hermit crabs meet, one may attempt to steal the other's shell by forcibly evicting the current owner.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Hermit crab - Polly Whyte - earthinfocus