Greater Stitchwort

Scientific Name: 
Stellaria holostea

Greater Stitchwort grows in woods, roadside verges, hedgerows and grassy banks. It has many other common names including 'Wedding Cakes', 'Star-of-Bethlehem', 'Daddy's-shirt-buttons' and 'Snapdragon' - the latter because its stems are brittle and easily break. It's pretty star-shaped, white flowers bloom from April to June; as the seed capsules ripen, they can be heard 'popping' in late spring.

How to identify: 
Greater Stitchwort has five white petals, each deeply notched and almost divided into two. Its green leaves are grass-like in appearance and its brittle stems are square. Greater Stitchwort has larger flowers (2-3cm across) than its relative, Lesser Stitchwort (0.5-1cm across).
Where to find it: 
Widespread.
How people can help: 

Our hedgerows support all kinds of wildlife, providing vital food and shelter. But these habitats are disappearing with the intensification of agriculture. The Wildlife Trusts are working closely with farmers, landowners and developers to promote wildlife-friendly practices, such as planting hedges and leaving field margins. We have a vision of a 'Living Landscape': a network of habitats and wildlife corridors across town and country, which are good for both wildlife and people. You can support this greener vision for the future by joining your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 50cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Greater Stitchwort is visited by Honey Bees, butterflies and hoverflies looking for spring nectar, and is the foodplant of the Marsh Pug, Plain Clary and Yellow Underwing Moths.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
When to see
Start date: 
April
End date: 
June
Image: 
Greater stitchwort - Paul Lane

Ragged-Robin

Scientific Name: 
Lychnis flos-cuculi

Swaying in a gentle breeze, the delicate pink flowers of Ragged-Robin can be a joy to behold in any wildflower meadow, damp pasture or woodland ride. But it's not just passing humans that benefit from its star-shaped flowers, bumblebees, butterflies and Honey Bees all enjoy the nectar it produces. A growing favourite among gardeners, try planting Ragged-Robin in a boggy area or flower border and see who comes to visit...

How to identify: 
Ragged-Robin is a perennial that is likely to be growing in wetter areas such as marshes, fens and wet meadows. It has much-divided, pink flowers (hence the name 'Ragged') and narrow, grass-like leaves.
Where to find it: 
Grows almost everywhere in the UK, but especially in damp and wet places.
How people can help: 

The pink, frayed flowers of Ragged-Robin are an increasingly rare sight in the wild. Human activity, including the drainage of land for agriculture, the loss of ponds through development and the removal of wet woods, has resulted in the disappearance of many of the UK's wetlands. The Wildlife Trusts are working closely with planners, developers and farmers to ensure our wetlands are protected. You can help by becoming a member of your local Trust; you'll find out about exciting wildlife happenings, events on your doorstep and volunteering opportunities, and be helping local wildlife along the way.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 75cm
Conservation status: 
Declining.
Did you know?: 
Perhaps you don't know what to do with a waterlogged area of your garden, or you fancy extending the borders of your pond to make it more wildlife-friendly? If this is the case, a bog garden could be the ideal answer. Moisture-loving plants, such as Ragged-Robin, will thrive here, attracting dragonflies, bees and butterflies, which, in turn, bring frogs, toads and other animals. To find out more visit our Wild About Gardens website.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
When to see
Start date: 
May
End date: 
August
Image: 
Ragged robin - Paul Lane

Bladder Campion

Scientific Name: 
Silene vulgaris

Bladder Campion is a common wildflower found growing in meadows and grasslands, fields, hedgerows and roadside verges around the UK. It gets its common name from the bladder-like calyx (a bulge make up of the fused sepals) just behind the flowers; it is in bloom from May to September.

How to identify: 
Bladder Campion has large, balloon-shaped swellings behind its white, five-petalled flowers.
Where to find it: 
Found throughout the UK, but most common in England.
How people can help: 

The Wildlife Trusts manage many grassland habitats for the benefit of wildlife - careful grazing with traditional breeds and scrub clearance are just a couple of the ways we ensure a balance of plants and cover in these fragile habitats. By volunteering for your local Trust you can help too, and you'll make new friends and learn new skills along the way.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 80cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Bladder Campion is one of the foodplants of the attractive Black and Red Froghopper - one of the insects known for wrapping themselves in a frothy mass we call 'cuckoo-spit'.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
When to see
Start date: 
May
End date: 
September
Image: 
Bladder campion - northeastwildlife.co.uk

White Campion

Scientific Name: 
Silene latifolia

White Campion is a common wildflower that grows in fields, along hedgerows and roadside verges, and on waste ground. It flowers throughout the summer, but it's actually at night when the blooms produce a heady scent, attracting many feeding moths.

How to identify: 
White Campion displays white flowers with five petals, each deeply notched and almost divided into two; its oval leaves and stems are hairy. In places where it grows alongside Red Campion, the two may hybridise to produce pinky or white blooms.
Where to find it: 
Found throughout the UK, but most common in England.
How people can help: 

Although they sometimes don't look especially wildlife-friendly, our roadside verges, field edges and waste grounds can provide valuable habitats for all kinds of plants and animals. The Wildlife Trusts get involved in different projects to help make these places as beneficial for wildlife as possible. We have a vision of a 'Living Landscape': a network of habitats and wildlife corridors across town and country, which are good for both wildlife and people. You can support this greener vision for the future by joining your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 1m
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
White Campion is sometimes called the 'Grave Flower' or 'Flower of the Dead' as it can be seen growing in graveyards and around tombstones.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
When to see
Start date: 
May
End date: 
October
Image: 
White campion - Paul Lane

Red Campion

Scientific Name: 
Silene dioica

The bright rose-red flowers of Red Campion brighten up roadsides, woodlands and hedges throughout the summer. Just as the Bluebells finish flowering in our woodlands, Red Campion starts to come into bloom. If they grow side-by-side for a few weeks, they can turn a woodland floor into an amazing sea of pink and blue.

How to identify: 
Red Campion displays rose-red flowers with five petals, each deeply notched and almost divided into two; its leaves and stems are hairy. In places where it grows alongside White Campion, the two may hybridise to produce pinky or white blooms.
Where to find it: 
Widespread.
How people can help: 

The Wildlife Trusts manage many woodland nature reserves sympathetically for a range of spring flowers, from startling pink Red Campion to fragrant Ramsons, showy Bluebells to delicate Wood Anemones. A mix of coppicing, scrub-cutting and ride maintenance open up the woodland floor to the sun, helping many flowers and plants to thrive. You can help too: volunteer for your local Wildlife Trust and you could be involved in everything from traditional forest crafts to raising awareness about woodland wildlife.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 1m
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Also known as 'Adder's Flower', Red Campion is a good source of food for moths, bees and butterflies.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
When to see
Start date: 
May
End date: 
September
Image: 
Red campion - Richard Burkmar

Glasswort

Scientific Name: 
Salicornia europaea

Common Glasswort, also known as 'Marsh Samphire', grows in saltmarshes and around beaches and coastal places across the UK. But it is in East Anglia where it is most well-known as a wild food - gathered and displayed alongside fish. Its succulent nature is what makes it so attractive to eat, but also makes it tolerant to the harsh conditions of the shore.

How to identify: 
Common Glasswort can easily be confused with other glasswort plants (there are seven in total). Look for a yellowy-green fleshy plant, a little like a cactus. Tiny, thin flowers that point upwards appear from August to September.
Where to find it: 
Found scattered across the UK in coastal areas.
How people can help: 

The Wildlife Trusts look after many coastal habitats for the benefit of all kinds of plants, and are working closely with farmers, landowners and developers to promote wildlife-friendly practices in these areas. We have a vision of a 'Living Landscape': a network of habitats and wildlife corridors across town and country, which are good for both wildlife and people. You can support this greener vision for the future by joining your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 30cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The ashes of Common Glasswort were traditionally used to make glass and soap, hence the common name. This is because of the high salt concentration within the plant which stops it from losing water to the environment and enables it to live in such salty conditions.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Glasswort - northeastwildlife.co.uk

Sea Beet

Scientific Name: 
Beta vulgaris

Sea Beet grows in coastal places at tidelines, on shingle beaches, cliffs and sea-walls, and in saltmarshes. It is a close relative of some of our cultivated beets, such as Sugar-beet, Swiss Chard and Beetroot, and can also be cooked and eaten.

How to identify: 
Sea Beet is a sprawling perennial with triangular or oval, glossy leaves, spikes of green flowers that appear from July to September, and reddish stems.
Where to find it: 
Found throughout the UK in coastal locations, but absent from the very north of Scotland.
How people can help: 

The Wildlife Trusts look after many coastal habitats for the benefit of all kinds of plants, and are working closely with farmers, landowners and developers to promote wildlife-friendly practices in these areas. We have a vision of a 'Living Landscape': a network of habitats and wildlife corridors across town and country, which are good for both wildlife and people. You can support this greener vision for the future by joining your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 1m
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Sea Beet is also known as 'Wild Spinach' because of its similarity to this popular vegetable.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Sea beet - Bas Kers

Fat Hen

Scientific Name: 
Chenopodium album

Fat Hen is a common plant that grows in gardens, roadside verges, hedgerows, arable fields and many other habitats - it is so frequent it is often considered to be a weed. Spikes of whitish flowers appear from June to October and the seeds are popular food for farmland birds such as Yellowhammer, Greenfinch and Linnet.

How to identify: 
Fat Hen is an upright plant with matt green, diamond-shaped leaves and spikes of small, white flowers. The whole plant tends to be covered in a white, mealy substance.
Where to find it: 
Widespread.
How people can help: 

After the Second World War, agricultural production intensified and herbicides became widespread, driving many of our so-called 'weed' species out of the fields. But the loss of these plants, the increasing use of pesticides and the loss of many landscapes features like hedgerows has resulted in a 50% decline in farmland birds over the last 40 years. The Wildlife Trusts are working closely with farmers and landowners to promote wildlife-friendly practices to help farmland birds, such as leaving winter stubble and providing field margins. We are working towards a 'Living Landscape': a network of habitats and wildlife corridors across town and country, which are good for both wildlife and people. You can support this greener vision for the future by joining your local Wildlife Trust.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 1m
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
As a member of the spinach family, it's no surprise that Fat Hen was a popular food in times past - it has even been confirmed as part of the last meal of a man who died 2,400 years ago in Europe, and whose body was preserved in a peatbog.
Seasons: 
Summer
Autumn
When to see
Start date: 
June
End date: 
October
Image: 
Fat hen - Philip Precey

Pellitory-of-the-wall

Scientific Name: 
Parietaria judaica

Pellitory-of-the-wall is frequently found growing out of cracks in old walls and pavements, on cliffs and banks, and in hedges. It can often be found around old ruins and castles, for example, as well as on damp church walls. Clusters of tiny flowers appear from June to October. It is a foodplant for the caterpillars of the Red Admiral Butterfly.

How to identify: 
Pellitory-of-the-wall is a downy plant with oval, alternate leaves and small white flowers that form clusters close to its pinkish-red, sticky stem.
Where to find it: 
Found throughout the UK, but most common in southern and central England.
How people can help: 

Many of our common, less showy plants are often overlooked; but they are still beneficial to wildlife, providing food and shelter for insects and, in turn, supporting the animals that feed on them. Try leaving wilder areas in your garden, such as patches of flowers on old walls and nettles near the compost heap, and see who comes to visit... To find out more about wildlife-friendly gardening, visit our Wild About Gardens website: a joint initiative with the RHS, there's plenty of facts and tips to get you started.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 7cm
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
Historically, Pellitory-of-the-wall was an important plant in herbal medicine, being used to treat bladder and kidney stones because of its own association with stone.
Seasons: 
Summer
Autumn
When to see
Start date: 
June
End date: 
October
Image: 
Pellitory-of-the-wall - Dave Riseborough

Stinging Nettle

Scientific Name: 
Urtica dioica
How to identify: 
To avoid the painful way to identify a Stinging Nettle, look for the hairs on its stem, its drooping, catkin flowers and oval, toothed leaves.
Where to find it: 
Widespread.
How people can help: 

Many of our so-called 'weeds' are beneficial to wildlife, providing food for nectar-loving insects and shelter for minibeasts. Try leaving wilder areas in your garden, such as patches of flowers like buttercups in your lawn and Stinging Nettles near the compost heap, and see who comes to visit... To find out more about wildlife-friendly gardening, visit our Wild About Gardens website: a joint initiative with the RHS, there's plenty of facts and tips to get you started.

Statistics: 
Height: up to 1m
Conservation status: 
Common.
Did you know?: 
The Stinging Nettle has been used for food, herbal remedies, dyes and fibres for hundreds of years. During the Second World War, children were encouraged to collect them so that they could be used to produce a dark green dye for camouflage.
Seasons: 
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
When to see
Start date: 
January
End date: 
December
Image: 
Stinging nettle - northeastwildlife.co.uk